UNSW Sydney
School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering
MECH9**5 Fundamentals of Acoustics and Noise
Laboratory 1 – Descriptors for time varying noise levels
Due date: Tuesday 25 June 5pm (Moodle online submission)
1. Introduction
The aim of this virtual lab is to examine the suitability of different sound level parameters for different
noise events. This will be achieved by calculating the variability in LAeq and LN for several types of sounds
corresponding to traffic noise and other anthropogenic sounds.
2. Tasks
Task 1
Create an x-y plot showing (i) the instantaneous sound pressure level in dB(A), (ii) LAeq, (iii) LA10 and (iv)
LA** from the traffic noise recording over a sampling period of 3 minutes. See Figure 1 for an example.
Examine the quantitative data and provide a brief description (no more than 300 words) describing the
types of sounds that have influenced LAeq, LA10 and LA**.
Figure 1 Time history of a sound pressure level
To complete Task 1, you will need to follow the steps below:
1) Download the “Decibel X” free sound level meter app on your smartphone. This is available on both
iOS and Android.
Figure 2 Decibel X sound level meter app
2) Setup the app by following the guided setup. Select your language and enable microphone use. Ensure
that you do not sign up for the paid Pro version. If you arrive at the screen as shown below, click in
the top right corner to exit from this screen (there is a hidden cross). Do not click Try It Free as you
may be asked to enter payment details. Once you exit from the Pro version sign-up screen shown
below, you should see the Sound level meter screen in Figure 4(a).
Figure 3 Pro version sign-up screen
3) Experiment with the ‘play’, ‘pause’, ‘download’ and ‘reset’ buttons in Meter (see Figure 4(a)). Also
note the Data menu (see Figure 4(b)).
4) Place your smartphone in a fixed and secured position so you can be hands free.
5) Play the traffic noise audio file on a device other than your phone (see Lab 1 channel in Teams).
6) Click on the ‘play’ button (see Figure 4) to start recording for a sampling period of 3 minutes. We
recommend you perform this in a noise-controlled environment (for example, a room with all windows
and doors closed).
7) Observe the temporal variation in SPL, across the frequency spectrum.
8) Click the ‘pause’ button to stop the recording.
9) Click the ‘download’ button to save your recording.
10) Navigate to the ‘data’ menu. Locate your recording and click on it. In the top right corner, click the
‘share’ icon, select “.CSV”, and choose an appropriate way to export your data to your computer (we
recommend exporting via email, so you can access the file on your computer).
11) On your computer, download and save your file. You may need to extract a .zip folder containing your
data. Your data will be stored in a .txt file format.
12) Open a blank excel sheet that you would like to import the data into. In Excel, navigate to the “Data”
ribbon and select “From Text/CSV”. Then, in the Windows Explorer window, navigate to and select
your downloaded .txt audio data.
13) In the pop-up window as shown in Figure 5, ensure that the settings are selected as shown (Western
European; Comma; etc). Then, click “Load”. You should have an Excel file with your measured A-
weighted sound pressure levels in a column, and the interval time in a second column.
14) Calculate LAeq, LA10 and LA** and produce a similar x-y plot as shown in Figure 1. LAeq can be calculated
from the A-weighted instantaneous sound pressure level for each time interval Ti of 0.2 seconds and
the total time T of your sampling period (see Unit 2 lecture notes, Eq. 2.16). See the Appendix for
Excel commands to calculate different noise descriptors.
(a) Sound level meter screen
(b) Data screen
Figure 4 Decibel X sound level meter app
Figure 5 Excel data important screen
Task 2
Refer to each of the recordings in the YouTube links below. Measure noise over a sampling period of
1 minute for each recording. Select appropriately from the following descriptors LA1,1min, LA10,1min,
LA**,1min, LAeq,1min, LAmax and LAmin to evaluate the different sound recordings. Create an x-y plot showing
the relevant noise descriptors for each recording across a **minute sampling period. See the Appendix for
Excel commands to calculate different noise descriptors. In your discussion, differentiate between steady
noise, impulsive noise and intermittent noise. This task should include the time history of each recording
and computed noise descriptors.
Anchor drilling site - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Av_6CCRF7Qc
Hydraulic rock breaker - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2xXEk0TtOiE
Scrapyard - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=08vuXspuhWg
Concrete recycling - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RxZyvNwoP-k
Task 3
Referring to the observations made during Tasks 1 and 2, discuss the limitations of LAeq when describing
different types of anthropogenic environmental noise.
3. Submission
Submit your responses to Tasks 1 to 3 in a pdf file to the Lab 1 submission link in Moodle. The main body
of your report (excluding the cover page and any appendices) should not exceed 5 pages.
Supplementary material
? AS 1055:2018 Acoustics – Description and measurement of environmental noise
This document includes information on different noise descriptors, different types of sound,
information to be recorded for general sound level surveys, for example, see sections 3, 6.5, 7 and
Appendix E. (pdf is uploaded in Teams)
? Transport Noise Management Code of Practice: Volume 2 – Construction Noise and Vibration
https://environment.des.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0026/88703/pr-cp-noise-and-vibration.pdf
Hint: search for intermittent within this document for useful information, for example, see pages 11
and 12.
 Noise Guide for Local Government (old version)
Although this document has been superseded, it is still useful guide on how to measure
environmental noise, see section 2.3.
 Noise Guide for Local Government (current version)
This document provides guidance on how to measure environmental noise, see section 6.6.
 FHWA Highway Traffic Noise Prediction Model
This document provides a wealth of information on traffic noise prediction and relationship between
LA10 and LAeq for traffic noise, for example, see page 54 (pdf is uploaded in Teams).
Appendix
In Excel, the PERCENTILE.INC(array, k) function calculates the kth percentile for a set of data, inclusive
of the start and end values, where k is 0 to 1. The 80th percentile (k=0.8) provides the value for which 80%
of the data points are smaller and 20% are greater. That is, k=0.8 corresponds to LA20.
LA1 = PERCENTILE.INC(array, 0.99)
LA10 = PERCENTILE.INC(array, 0.9)
LA** = PERCENTILE.INC(array, 0.1)
LAmin = MIN(array)
LAmax = MAX(array)

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